Monday, April 15, 2013

Satoddi falls - Karnataka

A day before the visit to the Satoddi falls, I had no idea of the distance of the waterfalls from my home at Tibetan settlement Mundgod. My cousin brother had casually mentioned about it as if it was just nearby. "Just behind camp 2, there is a beautiful waterfalls. We went there just after our exams" he had said. And I thought it must be some 10 - 12 kms away. 
Well, in reality the Satoddi falls was 26kms away from Yellapur town, which in turn was around 40kms away from Mundgod.
So on the next day I was in for a shock riding motorcycle for one and  half hours straight without any stops in between. With out butts in agony, we reached the falls. 
When I saw the water falls, I felt it was all worth the treacherous long journey from home. It was simply beautiful. It was surrounded by lush green forest, water was clean and the air was fresh. What more can anyone ask for?

Satoddi falls @ Karnataka State, India.
Among the thick dense vegetation, we were greeted by this small lizard. Roux's Forest Lizard (Calotes rouxii) were quite common in the forest and nearby the river banks. One individual was seen busy foraging among the dry leaf litters along with big skinks and other was basking on the face of a rock nearby the river. The one on the rock face was moulting. 
Calotes rouxii (moulting -shedding its skin)
Calotes rouxii (Male)

The rock face on which the lizard was basking had number holes. Inside one of those holes was a reddish brown frog sleeping through the heat of the day. 
Frog Hiding in a hole on rock faces

The endemic Bonnet macaques were also busy strolling along the river banks in search of food.
Bonnet Macaque
Bonnet Macaque
Being a tourist destination due to its sheer pristine beauty, the water falls and its surrounding area is littered with garbage left behind by insensible tourists. People swimming in the water needs to be careful since the drunkards (brainless of course) had broken beer bottles in and around the water fall.

Saturday, January 19, 2013

Panna Tiger Reserve (some Faunal species)

Panna Tiger Reserve (PTR) is situated in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh near to the town of Khajuraho which is around 25 kms from the park. 
Up till now PTR is an epitome for the success of Tiger Reintroduction Process. After losing its original tiger population to various hypothetical reasons, the Reserve is now home to 5 reintroduced tigers and their 15 offsprings. Under the current management system, PTR is a apparently a safe haven for the existing tigers where most of them are radio collared and their movement is monitored 24/7 by the hard working forest department employees. 
Wildlife Insitute of India provides the scientific inputs regarding the  monitoring of Tigers and its prey base in the Reserve. Camera trapping and Radio collaring of Tigers is done with the extensive involvement of WII team involved in project of ecological monitoring of reintroduced tigers.
Other than tigers, PTR supports various other carnivores like leopard, hyena, dhole, wolf, fox, jackals, sloth bear, etc. Among herbivores, there are many small and large species like hare, porcupines, wild boar, chinkara, chital, sambar deer, nilgai and many more.
And over that PTR boasts of over 200 bird species.
Following are few of the faunal species that I have encountered inside PTR.


Indian Jackal

Indian Robin

Tickell's Blue Flycatcher

Black Rumped Flameback

Rose Ringed Parakeet

Long Billed Vulture

Chinkara or Indian Gazelle

Short-toed Snake Eagle

Nilgai or Blue Bull

Nilgai or Blue Bull female with Juveniles

Jungle Babbler

Black Drongo

Sambar Deer (Male)


Sambar Deer (female)

Spotted Owlet

Indian Roller

Wild Boar (Female)

Asian King Vulture

Long Billed Vulture

Vulture Roosting Site

Black Redstart

Plum Headed Parakeet


Tawny Coster

Common Jezebel
Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris)

The southern plains gray langur (Semnopithecus dussumieri)

Friday, July 20, 2012

Himalayan Pit Viper (Gloydius himalayanus) - Another elevation report.

16th July, 2012. 
It had rained a bit early in the morning. The air was damp with humidity along with the drenched soil. But the overall conditions seemed pleasant for an outing with the camera for insect photography. Trekking up towards the Sarahan Phesantry from a different route than usual, some cool creatures were a guaranteed digital gift for my 4GB memory card. Creatures expected to be encountered included butterflies, beetles, small passerine birds, thrushes, bees and flies hovering over beautiful flowers etc. And skink and agamas among reptiles. But on such wet day I wasn't expecting to find a pit viper, that too Himalayan pit viper (Gloydius himalayanus). Anyway, I was in for a beautiful surprise on the way. 

                                   Loreal Pit between the eye and nostril quite prominent.

Keeping a look-out for insects and small birds has a major advantage and that is of paying attention to the minute details of the surrounding which normally skips from our attention. Our normal human eyes turns into Eagle eyes during those moments. So looking for small things guarantees definite spotting of something big. By "Big", I do not mean physical size.

Small stubby Snake, its size doesn't exceed 1 meter.

The pheasantry area is a good habitat for White crested Khalij pheasant (which by the way are also found in enclosures of the pheasantry for public display). A pair or groups of three are usually spotted within the pheasantry premises. While walking up, if you keep your vision to a distance, you will see a female Khalij walking hurriedly up the hill followed by a male or two. Otherwise normally they get panicky and fly off down-slope on being approached too close all of sudden.  They were also on the expected list of creatures of the day. 
Found in altitudes of 2,100 to 4,900 metres - Wikipedia

Rainy season (monsoon) is a good time for the birds to raise their young since it is a season of plenty. Insatiable hunger of small chirping hatchlings/chicks begging for food could easily be satisfied with grubs, worms and other insects like crane flies and hoppers. So looking out of nests of little birds who make their nests near to the ground surface is difficult but also an interesting thing to do (cheat code = follow your eyes along with a bird with something in mouth flying in hurry). Sometimes you just come upon a nest by chance.

Elliptical Pupil of the Viper eye is a beauty to gaze into.

Just near to the pheasantry's inner gate, something moved under a big boulder. Upon closer inspection, that movement was to be properly defined as something slithered. That slithering creature was the pit viper. 
Last time I found one individual of this species at very high altitude of 3400 -3500 meters in open alpine meadows. But this time, this specimen was at decent 2270 meters above mean sea level and in very much different habitat; of thick forests.
Known be shy, snakes normally run away and hide from humans who are not their natural prey. Nevertheless humans have their own agenda with snakes when encountered with one. 90% of that agenda include immediate elimination of the snake with stick or stone. But I had a different agenda which this snake soon found out with camera lens and pesky handling. Its vibrating tail tip and defensive posture with bit of reluctant strikes didn't deter this digitizer of cold blooded beauties. There seemed to be some injury to the snake on the posterior part of it's back where a bump was visible. So the pesky handler took too many chances of holding the snake near the middle part, since holding the snake from its tail might cause it pain at the site of the bump. Too  many chances and luck runs out. Finally it happened. Snap !!!! Blood !!! End of story.

Defensive/Offensive Posture of Pit-Viper - Ready to Strike.

(p.s. It is not known to be lethally venomous. I can assure you full confidence, since I am still writing about the incidence 4 days later). ----- (or could be a dry bite)) 

Monday, July 2, 2012

Himalayan Pit Viper (Gloydius himalayanus)

(27th May 2012) 
My friend was really excited and eager to see the Himalayan Monal’s nest which had been spotted by a local shepherd a day before. We packed our rations and camping materials in case we had to stay at the spot for a night because the female bird might be incubating her eggs and we didn’t want to disturb it just for our observation. We left early next morning before sun-rise because it was a long trek uphill and we wanted to avoid sun whose heat fastened exhaustion during walks. After two and half hours of continuous trekking we reached the spot where the shepherd was waiting for us near to the nest. 


Hardy hikers - Ravinder & Roshan


So the female wasn’t there on our arrival. He showed us the nest and there were three eggs within it. It wasn’t much of a nest, just few scraps of grasses and sticks and few feathers. Pheasants aren’t known for their nest building skills, it was true. So after seeing the Monal nest, we had nothing much to do. With our night stay cancelled we decided to descend back to Sarahan.




On the way down, I found this beautiful snake slithering on the path. And to my excitement it was a Himalayan pit viper. The area was pretty suitable for the snake to be called its habitat. There were boulders of variable sizes dispersed over a large area of alpine meadow. The altitude was over 3400 meters above sea level. It must be very sturdy to have survived the harsh winters of such height.
Maybe it undergoes hibernation during the cold winter months. Or maybe, it migrates towards lower elevation zones for the winter. (Two big guesses with no scientific evidences).



I picked it up and placed it on a big rock nearby to take pics. Initially the snake was very docile and wasn’t trying to bite. But sometime later, it became irritated with us (my friends joined soon after) and started to strike at whatever moved near to it, including my camera. I saw venom dripping down the lens of my camera. It was bit scary. 




The background may give an idea of its natural high altitude habitat.



Heat sensing pit visible between eye and nostril- hence the name pit viper.


The scales and their counts helps in the snake's identification.



Snake smells with their tongue which picks up scent particles from air to transfer it to a special organ in their mouth called jacobson's organ.


It is not known to be fatally venomous to adult humans, but none of us wanted to get bitten by it. 
And among one of its defense mechanisms, it squirted a liquid straight at my face. It was stinky and very very horrible to taste which lingered in my mouth for quite sometime. It was clear that he hated me for causing all the inconveniences for him. He wanted to go on his way. So we let him be.


Butterfly - up in the alpine meadows (species suggestion?)



Sunday, July 1, 2012

Black Francolin - Francolinus francolinus

I have been hearing their calls a lot. Down in south as well as up here in north of India. And I had no idea of what the bird looked like who made such a racket morning and evening. Then here, at Sarahan, HP, I had a glimpse of the bird. It was quite far away on top of a big rock in an apple orchard, facing down-slope and calling out to someone who I don’t know of. It looked beautiful. I came to know of it as Kala Teetar or simply teetar in local language. And going by its distribution, it had to be Black Francolin (Francolinus francolinus). I also came to know that the bird with the same sound in south India was Painted Francolin (Francolinus pictus). I was relieved to know about that because I had been wondering a lot about it.
  So after having seen the bird, I decided to get a decent picture of the bird in nature. Not some caged bird in some zoo. I observed that the male bird used to make sound every evening around 5 to 6 pm regularly standing at the same vantage point in that particular apple orchard. First few days were disappointing for me since I wasn’t able to get close to the bird without it noticing my presence and running away into the grasses not to be seen again anywhere nearby on that day. 
Then I decided to play the waiting-game. So I went to the spot at around 2.30pm, hid among some bushes in front of that big rock and waited. It was hot, grasses itched and ants crawled all over my body. I waited for more than 2 hours before the bird decided to show up. And it looked more beautiful up-close.



Then it started making its racket towards something which I don’t know of. Maybe it was habituated to do that daily. Maybe he was single and ready to mingle, calling out to females in the area. Or maybe he is telling other birds that this area belonged to him and him alone. No trespassers allowed.



After first few calls, the other male francolins in the distance started reciprocating to his call. They also started their synchronous racket. The male in front of me started listening, turned towards the direction from where the other sounds were coming and started calling straight towards them. So probably it was their territorial call after all. 



It lingered around on top of that rock and continued making its noise for few more minutes in every direction the other sounds came from. Then suddenly it felt my presence and ran away into the grasses as usual, which confirms to the observations of the authors like Salim Ali in his book where he states that they are exceedingly swift runners, relying on their legs for escape unless driven or suddenly come upon.
It is also mentioned in books and other web articles that, incessant killing and capturing of this bird is causing serious population decline and is threatening its existence as a species.